Citisina: Una Soluzione Efficace per Smettere di Fumare
La citisina è una molecola estratta da una pianta e utilizzata da decenni (dal 1967) nei Paesi dell’Europa orientale come trattamento per smettere di fumare. Recenti studi randomizzati hanno dimostrato che si tratta di un principio attivo efficace e sicuro. La citisina per smettere di fumare è conosciuta per il suo effetto sui recettori della nicotina, rendendola una delle soluzioni più studiate nella terapia antifumo.
Fonti e riferimenti
- Inc Zpharm. Now available: new over-the-counter natural product promises to make quitting smoking easier for millions of Canadians. eNewswire News Room. Published 8 July 2017 (accessed 29 September 2018).
- Hajek P, McRobbie H, Myers K. Efficacy of cytisin in helping smokers quit: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2013 Nov;68(11):1037-42 . Epub 2013 Feb 12. PMID: 23404838
- Tutka P, Vinnikov D, Courtney RJ, Benowitz NL. Cytisin for nicotine addiction treatment: a review of pharmacology, therapeutics and an update of clinical trial evidence for smoking cessation. Addiction. 2019 Nov;114(11):1951-1969. doi: 10.1111/add.14721 . Epub 2019 Jul 19. PMID: 31240783
- Zatonski, Witold & Janik-Koncewicz, Kinga & Stępnicka, Zuzanna & Zatońska, Katarzyna & Połtyn-Zaradna, Katarzyna & Herbec, Aleksandra. (2020). History of smoking cessation treatment in Poland – the strengthening role of cytisin as the most effective and safe pharmacotherapy. Journal of Health Inequalities. 6. 116-123. 10.5114/jhi.2020.102969 .
- Courtney RJ, McRobbie H, Tutka P, Weaver NA, Petrie D, Mendelsohn CP, Shakeshaft A, Talukder S, Macdonald C, Thomas D, Kwan BCH, Walker N, Gartner C, Mattick RP, Paul C, Ferguson SG, Zwar NA, Richmond RL, Doran CM, Boland VC, Hall W, West R, Farrell M. Effect of Cytisin vs Varenicline on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Jul 6;326(1):56-64.
- Walker N, Smith B, Barnes J, Verbiest M, Parag V, Pokhrel S, Wharakura MK, Lees T, Cubillos Gutierrez H, Jones B, Bullen C. Cytisin versus varenicline for smoking cessation in New Zealand indigenous Māori: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2021 Mar 24. doi: 10.1111/add.15489 . Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33761149
- Nides M, Rigotti NA, Benowitz N, Clarke A, Jacobs C. A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase 2b Trial of Cytisinicline in Adult Smokers (The ORCA-1 Trial). Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Apr 13:ntab073. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab073 . Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33847362
- Pastorino U, Ladisa V, Trussardo S, Sabia F, Rolli L, Valsecchi C, Ledda RE, Milanese G, Suatoni P, Boeri M, Sozzi G, Marchianò A, Munarini E, Boffi R, Gallus S, Apolone G. Cytisin Therapy Improved Smoking Cessation in the Randomized Screening and Multiple Intervention on Lung Epidemics Lung Cancer Screening Trial. J Thorac Oncol. 2022 Jul 28:S1556-0864(22)00346-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.007 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35908731
- Walker N, Howe C, Glover M, McRobbie H, Barnes J, Nosa V, Parag V, Bassett B, Bullen C. Cytisin versus Nicotine for Smoking Cessation. N Engl J Med 2014.
Leaviss J, Sullivan W, Ren S, Everson-Hock E, Stevenson M, Stevens J, et al. What is the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of cytisine compared with varenicline for smoking cessation: a systematic review and economic evaluation?. Health Technol Assess 2014;18(33) - Hajek P, McRobbie H, Myers K. Efficacy of cytisine in helping smokers quit: systematic review and meta-analysis Thorax 2013;68:1037-1042
- West R, Zatonski W, Cedzynska M, Lewandowska D, Pazik J, Aveyard M, Stapleton J. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cytisin for Smoking Cessation, The New England Journal of Medicine 365;13 nejm.org 1200 september 29, 2011
- Etter JF. Cytisin for Smoking Cessation A Literature Review and a Meta-analysis, Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1553-1559
- Etter JF, Lukas RJ, Benowitz NL, West R, Dresler CM. Cytisine for smoking cessation: A research agenda, Drug and Alcohol Dependence 92 (2008) 3–8
- Zatonski W, Cedzynska M, Przewozniak E, Karpinska D, Lewandowska E, Pstrucha J, Jonska J, Surowinska J, Wojciechowska U, Jaworski M. An open label observational study of herbal cytisine (Tabex) as an aid to smoking cessation. Poster presented at the conference of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobaco, Prague, March 20-23, 2005.
- Forrester RM. “Have you eaten laburnum?, Lancet 1979; 1: 1073
- Barlow RB, McLeod LJ. Some studies on cytisin and its methylated derivatives. Br J Pharmacol 1969; 35: 161-74.
- Coe J. W., Brooks P. R., Vetelino M. G., Wirtz M. C., Arnold E. ,. Varenicline: an α4β2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist for smoking cessation. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3474–7.50
Rollema H., Shrikhande A., Ward K. M., Tingley F. D. III, Coe W ., O’NeillB. T. et al. Pre-clinical properties of the α4β nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonists varenicline, cytisine and dianicline translate to clinical efficacy for nicotine dependence. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:334–45